Background Multiple factors contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders. Aim To discuss factors in pregnancy and early childhood that contribute to the development of psychiatric problems. Method Overview of the findings of four major Dutch child cohorts. Results Based on findings of four major Dutch child cohorts, we describe risk factors during pregnancy and early childhood that contribute to the development of psychopathology. Conclusion The identified risk factors and mechanisms can serve as targets for follow-up research, prevention, and intervention. Tijdschrift voor psychiatrie 63(2021)2, 107-110