The serotonin syndrome is a regularly documented life-threatening condition as the result of the (combined) application of serotonergic agents. Mentioning of the serotonin syndrome in the literature seems to increase since the introduction of the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Especially the combination of monoamine oxidase inhibitors with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and some of the tricyclic antidepressants appears to be dangerous in this respect. This article provides a review of the literature with regard to symptomatology, diagnosis, pathofysiology, drug interactions and treatment options. Our purpose is to advance the recognition, treatment and prevention of this serious condition.