Familiarity with the psychological theory of psychoanalysis (as distinguished from the psychoanalytic theory of neurosis) cannot be generally assumed. For several reasons the scientific value of psychoanalysis has been and is criticized by adherents of divergent schools (learning theories, existential anthropology, athematica (psychology etc.). In this article a few examples are given of misconceptions about theory and practice of psychoanalysis. The criticism of psychoanalysis as a general psychology depends on a choosen methodological point of view. Psychology and psychiatry require a science to determine the possibility, the principles and the extent of all knowledge. Attention is paid to the integration of psychoanalysis and psychiatry and to the attempts at reformulating nosology or at reclassification. Existential and anthropological concepts require a clear definition of the frame of reference. Concepts borrowed from contempory german philosophy can give rise to confusion. Today it is generally acknowledged by the behavioral scientist that the study of normal and pathological human behavior requires the cooperation of many disciplines whose investigations contribute to our knowledge of human nature, the development and pathology of psychic functions. The value of this cooperation can hardly be overestimated.