The cerebellum is a structure situated in the posterior cranial fossa. It has long been assumed that the cerebellum is concerned primarily with motor-related functions. However recent research has demonstrated that the cerebellum also plays a role in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism and depression. Recent developments, described in this article, suggest that malfunctioning of the cerebellum can lead to severe emotion dysregulation and to psychopathological conditions.